INTERJECTION AND CONJUNCTION
A.
Interjection
1.
Definition
of Interjection
An interjection is a word which expresses some suddenly feeling or
emotion
2.
Interjection
is used
An interjection is used to express some sudden feeling or emotion.
It will be noticed that they are not grammatically related to the other words
in a sentence. They are, as Hello!, Alas! Hurrah!, Ah!,
Oh!, hush! Etc.
3.
Examine
the following sentences:
a.
Hello!
What are you doing there?
b.
Alas!
He is dead
c.
Hurrah!
We Have won the game
d.
Ah!
Have they gone?
e.
Oh!
I got such a fright
f.
Hush!
Don’t make a noise
B.
Conjunction
1.
Definition of Conjunction
Conjunction
is a word which joins together sentences or words and clauses is known as
conjunctions
2.
Kinds of conjunctions
Conjunction
are divided into four kinds, namely:
a.
Correlative conjunctions
Conjunctions
which are used in pairs are known as correlation conjunctions
Ex.
(a)
Either
__ or
Madhavi
is either a typist or a teacher
(b)
Neither
__ nor
She
can speak neither English nor Hindi
(c)
Both
__ and
He
is both handsome and clever
(d)
Though
__ yet
Though he tried to Convince his wife, yet she was not happy with
his words
(e)
Whether
__ or
I
don’t know whether she will marry him or continue her studies
(f)
Not
only __ but also
He not
only wrote the song but also sang it well
(g)
Such
__ as
I
read such books as increase my knowledge
(h)
As
__ As
Vijaya
is as beautiful as her sister
(i)
Hardly
__ when
I
had hardly reached home when the phone began raining
(j)
Scarely
__ when
She
had scarcely returned home when some one knocked at the door
(k)
No
sooner __ than
We
had no sooner started for Hyderabad than our uncle arrived.
b.
Compound Conjunctions
Group of words which are used as conjunctions are known as compound
conjunctions
Ex.
a.
In
order that
He
applied for a job in order that he might help his father
b.
On
condition that
I
can lend you that money on condition that you return it in a month
c.
Even
if
Even
if she is beautiful, I wont marry her
d.
So
that
He
saved some money, so that he might use it in future
e.
Provide
that
I
shall give you the job provide that you must know typing
f.
As
though
She
appears as though she were a film star
g.
As
well as
Madhavi
as well as her friend is beautiful
h.
As
soon as
As soon
as I saw madhavi, I fell in love with her
i.
As
if
He
spends as if he were a richman
c.
Coordinating Conjunction
Conjunction which are used to join together clauses of equal rank
are known as Co-ordinating Conjunctions
Ex.
a)
and
She
spoke impressively at the meeting and won the appreciation of all
b)
But
I
offered to help her but she refused my help
c)
For
I
must try hard for there is heavy competition
d)
Nor
He
is not my friend nor my relative
e)
Or
You
must begin the work today or you will not finish it in time
f)
Either
– or
You
must either take up this job or continue you studies.
g)
Neither
– nor
-
He neither
helped his father nor loved him
Co-ordinating Conjunctions are divided into four kinds, namely:
1.
Cumulative
or copulative conjunctions
Conjunctions
which are used to join statements are known as cumulative conjunctions
Ex.
a.
Not
only-but also
They
not only invited me to dinner but also sent a car for me
2.
Adversative
conjunctions
Conjunctions
which are used to express a contrast between two statements are known as adversative
conjunctions.
Ex.
a.
Still
You
are intelligent still you have to work hard
3.
Disjunctive
or alternative conjunctions
Conjunctions
which are used to express a choice between two alternatives are known as
disjunctive or alternative conjunctions
Ex.
a.
Else
You
must do the work sincerely else you will lose the job.
4.
Illative
Conjunctions:
Conjunctions
which are used to express an inference are known as illative conjunctions
Ex.
a.
Therefore
-
He
is my enemy therefore I dislike him
d.
Subordinating Conjunctions
Conjunctions which are used to join clauses of unequal rank are
known as subordinating conjunctions.
Ex.
a.
After
He
came after I had finished my work
b.
because
She
was sad because she last her job
c.
if
if she loves me, I will be happy
d.
That
We
believe that Dakshina Murty is a genius
e.
Though
Though he is your brother, you should not trouble him like that
f.
Although
Although you are rich, you cannot do everything
g.
Till
I
waited till Madhavi came
h.
Before
The
plane had been hijacked before it arrived at London airport.
i.
Unless
Unless I marry madhavi, I will not be happy
j.
As
Do as
I tell you
k.
When
She
came when I was reading a novel
l.
Where
Please
stay where you are
m.
While
She
is watching TV while I am reading
n.
Than
She wrote the
exam better than I expected
Subordinating
Conjunctions are divided into seven Classes
1)
Time
Ex.
Before : Madhavi had gone before I spoke
to her
After : I began my work after they had
gone
Till ; I will wait for you till
you return
Since
: I haven’t seen Padma since
she was married
When
: I shall be happy when
Madhavi is with me
While : She was speaking with her friends while
I was trying to sleep
2)
Cause
or Reason
Ex.
Because : I was upset very much because Madhavi
was angry with me
Since : since it is dark, take the
torch with you
As : as she is my sister, I
like her
3)
Purpose
Ex.
That : we eat that we may live
Last
he should : he walked quietly last
he should disturb his mother
4)
Result
or Consequence
Ex.
So : He talked so fast that I
could not understand his words
5)
Condition
Ex.
If : if she comes here, I
shall talk to her
Unless : unless you ask me, I can’t teach
you
Provided : you can take the book provide you
return it by tomorrow
6)
Concession
Ex.
Although : although he has a
lot of money, ho does not spend it
However
: however hard he
tried, he failed the exam
7)
Comparison
Ex.
Than
: she respected me more than
I thought
As : Madhavi walks as beautifully
as a film star